Pareto front analysis for the design and the working fluid selection in ORC-based pumped thermal energy storage technology in both pure electric and cogenerative applications

Carnot Batteries are a sub-technology of Pumped Thermal Energy Storage concept where closed cycles are used in both charging and discharging phase. In charging mode, cheap off-peak electricity from the grid is used to store heat at a temperature different than the ambient one (generally higher) while in discharging mode the stored heat is exploited for power production. Carnot Batteries can be