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Conlon, William M.
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Conlon
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William M.
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William M. Conlon
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Design and Modeling of a Demonstration-scale ORC Cycle for the Liquid Air Combined CyclePryor, Owen M.; Conlon, William M.; Rimpel, Aaron M.; Venetos, Milton J.Energy storage is becoming an increasing focus for the future energy markets. One potential hybrid system for ling duration energy storage is the Liquid Air Combined Cycle (LACC). The LACC utilizes excess renewable energy to liquefy and store air during the charge cycle. During its discharge cycle, the system uses the exhaust heat from a conventional combustion turbine and an ORC bottoming cycle to vaporize and superheat the stored air that has been pressurized, which is subsequently expanded to atmosphere through a turbine. During the development of the cycle, it has been identified that the main technologies to advance the cycle are the ORC bottoming cycle machinery and the coupled operation between the liquified air subsystem and the ORC subsystem. This paper presents modeling and simulation of the LACC that involves ORC conditions that fall outside the operating regime of more common applications. Due to the low temperatures of liquified air, the ORC system operates on the order of -70°C for the pump, and the turbine has a pressure ratio around 40. The conceptual design of a demonstration system has been developed that focuses on these challenges in order to advance the overall system.- DUAL CONDENSING PRESSURE ORC FOR CRYOGENIC ENERGY STORAGEConlon, William M.; Venetos, Milton J.A liquid air combined cycle (LACC) is a hybrid energy storage system that uses cryogenic air as a storage medium. Discharge of stored energy involves the pressurization and re-gasification of the stored liquid air, sensible heating of gaseous air, and expansion of the air through a turbine that discharges to atmosphere. During discharge of stored energy, an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) operates as a bottoming cycle drawing low-temperature heat from the gas turbine exhaust and using the cryogenic liquid as a heat sink. The quantity of low-grade heat that can be extracted from gas turbine exhaust is constrained by the amount of heat that must be rejected from the ORC. The overall efficiency of the LACC is the net power output divided by the energy inputs, which are the electricity used to cryogenically liquefy air during charging and the fuel consumed by the gas turbine during discharging. Power output can be increased by maximizing the heat input to the ORC, potentially including the water of combustion. To relieve the constraint imposed by the limited availability of cryogenic liquid air and to maximize the heat input and power output, a novel dual condensing pressure cycle is described. The cycle includes both high and intermediate pressure turbines, with one condenser operating at intermediate pressure and the second operating at a low pressure. A fraction of the ORC working fluid is extracted at intermediate pressure and cooled by heating regasifed air. The remainder of the working fluid expands through the intermediate pressure turbine and condenses at low pressure using the cryogenic liquid air as a low temperature heat sink. The low-pressure liquid is pumped to intermediate pressure and used to directly condense the cooled fraction, whereupon the mixture is recuperated and then heated by gas turbine exhaust.
